无腹筋板的冲切尺寸效应

根据所掌握的413个国内外受冲切混凝土板式构件资料（含基础板）,基于一种新的多样本组多参量评估方法和改进的变异系数,就国际上衡量双向板厚度变化对冲切承栽力影响的几种主要规范观点进行了介绍并作了评价．分析表明,现行规范中,以EC2建议的线性形式描述冲切抗力随有效板厚的变化规律较之其它形式离散程度更小,值得我国今后修订规范...     

双层半圆管盘式涡轮桨搅拌槽气液分散特性的数值模拟

采用基于气泡聚并和破碎机理的群体平衡（PBM-MUSIG）模型,对双层半圆管盘式涡轮桨搅拌槽内的气液分散特性进行了数值模拟;考察了不同通气量和操作转速下气液搅拌槽内流体流动,局部气含率和气泡尺寸的分布规律。模拟结果表明：通气工况下搅拌槽内的液相流场具有双循环流动形式;采用PBM-MUSIG模型预测的局部气含率分布与文献实验数据吻合较好;搅拌槽内气泡尺寸随转速增加而减小,随气量增加而增大;桨叶排出流区域内气泡尺寸较小,近壁区和循环区内气泡尺寸较大。     

4J29膨胀合金晶粒长大倾向的研究

针对在电子器件中常作为密封材料的4J29合金在生产时出现粗大晶粒造成工件开裂问题,采用热处理和单因素优选实验方法研究4J29合金的再结晶温度、预先变形率与晶粒度之间的关系。研究表明,4J29膨胀合金晶粒聚集长大是由大于70%预先变形率所造成。在实际生产中尽可能采用合理的预先变形率可以提高材料的再结晶温度和二次再结晶温度,可以防止合金晶粒聚集长大,从而保证了工件质量和使用性能。     

Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies,Caudata, Salamandridae) from the Balkan Peninsula

We studied intraspecific and interspecific variations of early life‐history traits for four crested newt species with different habitat preferences. Although we found considerable variation in size and growth rate between offspring of conspecific females, the species effect appeared to be much more pronounced. The crested newt species we examined differed in egg size, size of larvae at hatching and growth rate. Triturus dobrogicus appeared to be the outlier species among these species, and showed (1) the smallest egg size, (2) the smallest larval size at hatching and (3) the longest larval period, resulting in the largest metamorphosed juveniles.     

试论吐蕃时期布达拉宫的建筑规模

举世闻名的布达拉宫是西藏的标志性建筑，也是西藏文明的象征。在一千余年的历史发展过程中，布达拉宫的建筑规膜发生了巨大变化。文章试图从吐蕃时期的重要历史事件中提取有关布达拉宫的零星记栽，分析自吐蕃时期布达拉宫建筑规模的变化，为还原布达拉宫的原貌提供一些历史的线索和依据。     

The atyid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) rostrum: phylogeny versus adaptation,taxonomy versus trophic ecology

Cave shrimps of the subgenus Troglocaris (Atyidae), exhibit high variability in rostral length and dentition. In shrimp populations that co-occur with the amphibian predator Proteus anguinus, longer rostra armed with more numerous teeth are recorded. These shrimps are also larger than those living in a presumably Proteus-free environment. Discrepancies between molecularly established phylogenetic relationships and distributions of rostral length, as well as body size, directed our search towards possible environmental influences. These discrepancies suggest that rostral shape is not a reliable taxonomic character in some generic and many specific diagnoses in Atyidae. We discuss some taxonomic consequences of sexual and ontogenetic rostral differences with regard to the molecular phylogenetic tree. In preliminary laboratory observations, no frontal attack by Proteus was successful on shrimps with long rostra. Proteus also needed more time to swallow shrimps with long rostra.     

Spatial prisoner’s dilemma games with increasing size of the interaction neighborhood on regular lattices

We studied the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game on a square lattice where the size of the interaction neighborhood is considered. Firstly, the effects of noise and the cost-to-benefit ratio on the maintenance of cooperation were investigated. The results indicate that the cooperation frequency depends on the noise and cost-to-benefit ratio: cooperation reaches a climax as noise increases, but it monotonously decreases and even vanishes with the ratio increasing. Furthermore, we investigated how the size of the interaction neighborhood affects the emergence of cooperation in detail. Our study demonstrates that cooperation is remarkably enhanced by an increase in the size of the interaction neighborhood. However, cooperation died out when the size of the interaction neighborhood became too large since the system was similar to the mean-field system. On this basis, a cluster-forming mechanism acting among cooperators was also explored, and it showed that the moderate range of the neighborhood size is beneficial for forming larger cooperative clusters. Finally, large-scale Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to visualize and interpret these phenomena explicitly.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: introduction and family Papilionidae

This article marks the beginning of a short series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. It commences with a brief overview of the topography, tectonic history, climate, ecological zonation and conservation significance of Africa's highest mountain. Following an introductory account to the butterfly fauna, the rest of this paper presents an annotated checklist of the swallowtails (Papilionidae). Eight papilionid species are currently believed to occur within the main forest zone, from 1800 to 2800 m (in places this zone extends down to c.1600 m). Another 10 have been recorded from the lower slopes, which include some disturbed forest and forest relicts, from 700–1800 m. The need for better data is discussed in light of the suggestion that the butterflies of Mount Kilimanjaro could become a focal group for monitoring effects of climate change. An identification key to families, together with a key to the swallowtail species and colour illustrations of adults, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

集料尺寸和形状及掺合料对混凝土界面的影响

研究混凝土粗集料与砂浆在宏观尺度上的界面特性,并采用砂浆中的砂粒与粗集料的平均间距(简称界面平均间距)进行表征.结合雅砻江锦屏大坝集料品种,研究了球形和片状2种粗集料形状、2组粗集料尺寸,以及粉煤灰和石灰石粉的2个掺量(10%,20%)对界面平均间距的影响.结果表明,采用界面区砂粒与粗集料的平均间距能较好地反映界面区的宏观离析和均质性,测量使用也较简便.对于球形集料,大、小集料上方与下方的界面平均间距无显著差异,表明界面较均匀,离析不明显;而对于片状集料,随着尺寸增大,上、下方的界面平均间距的差异增大,表明大的片状集料下方产生了明显的离析.研究结果还表明,采用粉煤灰或石灰石粉部分等质量取代水泥,可以改善片状集料下方浆体的离析.     

边染色9-临界图边数的新下界

针对Vizirtg猜想△为9的情况，运用Discharging差值转移方法研究了9-临界图的边数下界，得到了新结论：m≥10^-36n,改进了已有结果。